These amendments, among the most contested in courts today, established citizenship , equal protection, and voting rights for all male Americans, regardless of race. However, the same suffrage and protections would not be afforded to women of all races until over 50 years later, when Congress passed the 19th Amendment in Confederate States of America, states which broke from the United States to form a new government during the Civil War.
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The total number of people on Earth has been increasing for centuries, and it looks as though that trend will continue into the future. The first big growth spurt for the world population occurred in the midth century.
However, prior to this population boom, in the 17th to 19th centuries, the population demographics were considerably different than those of today. Globally, this time period was defined by movements of colonization, conquest, trade, industrialization, and the transatlantic slave trade. Looking back at where and how people lived in these centuries can help us learn more about why the world population is the way it is today. Teach students about the history of the world population with this curated collection of resources.
The Civil War was a brutal war that lasted from to It left the south economically devastated, and resulted in the criminalization of slavery in the United States. Confederate General Lee surrendered to Union General Grant in the spring of officially ending the war. The Confederacy dissolved and the country was reunited. Olaudah Equiano was also a hugely significant figure in the abolition campaign. According to his autobiography, Equiano was captured in West Africa, forcibly transported to the Americas and sold into slavery.
He eventually managed to buy his freedom. It was reprinted many times, becoming one of the most powerful condemnations of the trade and an enormously important piece of abolitionist literature. The task faced by the abolitionists was enormous. Parliament passed legislation restricting the number of Africans that could be carried on an individual ship, but the scale of the trade continued to grow throughout the abolition campaign. Between and , around 1, slaving voyages were mounted from British ports, carrying nearly , Africans to the Americas.
In alone, almost ships left Liverpool for West Africa. New colonies in the Caribbean and the continued consumer demand for plantation's goods fuelled the trade. Clarkson and Wilberforce were two of the most prominent abolitionists, playing a vital role in the ultimate success of the campaign. Clarkson was a tireless campaigner and lobbyist. He made an in-depth study of the horrors of the trade and published his findings.
Clarkson toured Britain and Europe to spread the abolitionist word and inspire action. As a result, the abolition campaign grew into a popular mass movement. William Wilberforce was the key figure supporting the cause within Parliament.
In , with the abolition campaign gaining further momentum, he had a breakthrough. The bill received royal assent in March and the trade was made illegal from 1 May It was now against the law for any British ship or British subject to trade in enslaved people. The abolition of slavery now became the main focus of the campaign though this was a long and difficult struggle. Full emancipation was not achieved until and none of the ex-slaves received compensation. In the late 18th century a movement started to end the slave trade — the transatlantic trading by European merchants of people from Africa, in exchange for manufactured goods.
This is what drives us every day in our work to make sure everyone can enjoy their freedom. People end up trapped in modern slavery because they are vulnerable to being tricked, trapped and exploited, often as a result of poverty and exclusion.
Political, economic and social systems that disadvantage some groups in society push people into taking risky decisions in search of opportunities to provide for their families. At the same time people may not have access to the sort of help and support that we take for granted — such as going to the police for help.
At Anti-Slavery International we look at those systems, those root causes, and do everything we can to try and re-balance them to provide people at-risk from slavery with an opportunity to build sustainable futures. Working together, just as the first abolitionists did, we have built an anti-slavery movement in collaboration with service providers, law enforcement agencies, NGOs, trade unions, lawyers, businesses and government authorities.
And of course, you — our supporters. This allows us to support tens of thousands of adults and children affected by slavery every year to gain and keep their freedom, as well as to campaign to change the systems that trap them — social, economic, legal and political.
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