Where is orbital skull

A thorough understanding of the complex surface bony contours of the internal orbit is essential to avoid critical structures and achieve a safe periorbital dissection. Though it is possible to reformat CT scans into a 3 dimensional surface rendering of the internal orbit using segmentation, often times only axial, coronal and sagittal slices are available.

These need mental extrapolation to figure out how to proceed during real life periorbital dissection. Furthermore, sterilizable skulls are also available for intraoperative reference. The position, size and shape of the inferior and superior orbital fissures are some of the basic landmarks for topographical orientation during the surgical approach. The orbital floor extends from the rim to approximately two thirds of the depth of the orbit, where it curves medially as the posterior medial border of the inferior orbital fissure and blends with the medial wall.

Only three of the four orbital walls, the medial, the superior and the lateral walls extend into the apex. The length of the lateral orbital wall from the rim to superior orbital fissure is about 1. Fragmented bony lamellae and orbital soft tissues usually prolapse into the air filled paranasal sinuses, ie, the maxillary antrum or ethmoid sinus , resulting in an increase in the orbital volume.

Similarly, a decrease in volume and compression of the orbital contents occurs when orbital wall fragments are displaced into the orbit. In the anterior third of the orbit the diameter widens immediately about 1 to 1.

As a consequence, the initial subperiosteal dissection must proceed in an inferior or superior direction as one dissects the the floor or roof respectively. In the frontal plane it slopes downward from medial to lateral with an intermediate convexity at the midorbit level. Behind the postentry concavity, the floor is separated from the lateral wall by the inferior orbital fissure. In the sagittal plane the floor has a lazy S shape with the upper ledge at the height of the orbital process of the palatine bone posteriorly and extending downward to the infraorbital margin anteriorly.

In a surface view the posteromedial convexity has a sphere-like appearance that levels off inferior-laterally but maintains its height posteriorly and diverges into the medial wall. It also provides its main support. Symptoms can include:. About Foundation Museum of the Eye. Orbital Fracture.

What Is an Orbital Fracture? Fractura Orbitaria. By Kierstan Boyd. Orbital Fracture Types Any of the bones surrounding the eye can be fractured, or broken. Here are types of orbital fractures: Orbital rim fracture This injury affects the bony outer edges of the eye socket. Blowout fracture A blowout fracture is a break in the floor or inner wall of the orbit or eye socket. In general, orbital bone injuries can cause blurry vision, difficulty moving the eye and bruising around the eye.

Blood in the eye subconjunctival hemorrhage. Eyeballs that are sunken or bulging. If an orbital bone or the area around it is injured, it should be checked by an ophthalmologist as soon as possible for signs of a fracture or break. Evaluating an orbital bone typically involves tests such as a CT scan, X-rays and other imaging.

Many cases do not require surgery for treatment, and the eye is able to heal on its own with the help of antibiotics, decongestants and ice packs to reduce swelling. Severe orbital bone fractures that impact the movement of the eye or that cause the eyeball to be repositioned are more likely to require surgery. The bones meet at the zygomaticosphenoid suture. The lateral wall is the thickest wall of the orbit. In the orbit, surrounding the eyeball and its muscles, is a layer of fat that helps the eye rotate around a fixed center of rotation.

If excess liquid is collected in the fat cushion tissue, the eye may protrude. In humans , seven bones make up the bony orbit:. Dissection showing origins of right ocular muscles, and nerves entering by the superior orbital fissure. Template:Head general. Template:WikiDoc Sources. It can also mean the skin which surrounds the eye of a bird.